Improving the Quality and Production of Philodendron Plants Using Nanoparticles and Humic Acid

A pot experiment was conducted during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons to evaluate effect of silver nanoparticles (SNPs), iron (FeNPs), zinc (ZnNPs), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK NPs) humic acid (HA) in improving growth Philodendron plants. Our findings indicated that highest increase plant height leaf width recorded with 60 mg/L SNPs. Additionally, values number leaves/plant were SNPs compared control. FeNPs at 150 treatment gave best result total chlorophyll carotenoid content, followed by then NPK NPs 2 mL/L two seasons. Furthermore, ZnNPs 200 mg/L, 20 40 results enzyme activity (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase). However, treatments led improve anatomical characters leaves stem such as thickness blade, mesophyll tissue, xylem vessel diameter, vascular bundle dimension, epidermis cell dimension other